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9月30日周三
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Data Protection and Cybersecurity Governance for eVTOL Systems in the UAE: Comparative Lessons from the EU and US.

    The article investigates the data governance challenges arising from the integration of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) systems into the United Arab Emirates’ emerging urban air mobility ecosystem. As eVTOL operations rely on continuous streams of biometric, geolocation and operational telemetry data, existing legal instruments, particularly the UAE Personal Data Protection Law (Federal Decree by Law No. (45) of 2021), national cybersecurity strategies and General Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA) advisories, remain underprepared to regulate these high-risk data flows. The article examines the extent to which UAE frameworks can accommodate the unique risks posed by autonomous, data-driven aviation, including the processing of sensitive passenger data, real-time cross-border transfers, AI-based navigation decisions and the vulnerability of interconnected systems to cyberattacks. Through a doctrinal analysis, it draws comparative insights from the European Union’s integrated data protection and aviation cybersecurity model and the United States’ decentralised, innovation-led approach. The article argues that aviation-specific data governance standards, enhancing algorithmic accountability and strengthening cybersecurity obligations are essential steps for aligning technological ambition with public safety. It concludes that a coherent, forward-looking regulatory model will be critical for ensuring trust, accountability and operational resilience as the UAE advances its eVTOL deployment plans.

9月19日周六
9月16日周三
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    The 6G integrated perception and networking technology enables the low-altitude economy to achieve carbon neutrality: Dynamic sleep strategy for eVTOL wireless charging based on time-energy-carbon coupling

    In response to the bottleneck issues of energy consumption and carbon emissions caused by the explosive growth of the low-altitude economy, we break away from the traditional single-machine energy-saving research paradigm and innovatively reconfigure the sixth-generation mobile communication (6G) perception-integration base station into a “power-information” dual-mode supply node that can enter a dormant state. The time-energy-carbon ternary coupling model (TEC-6G) was constructed, and the collaborative trade-off mechanism of the base station sleep ratio, the pointing angle of the microwave energy beam and the quality of service (QoS) of the eVTOL task was quantified for the first time. Based on the real geographical topology of 5G-A base stations in the Yangtze River Delta region and the dataset of 12,000 eVTOL flight paths. A 3.5 GHz phased array wireless energy transmission link was built on the MATLAB platform, specifically designed for opportunistic hovering-stage trickle charging and emergency power supplementation during eVTOL mission profiles, rather than sustained cruising power delivery. By integrating the measured millimeter-wave channel impulse responses, a two-stage solution framework of graph neural network-Particle swarm hybrid (GNN-PSO) was designed. Experiments show that under the strict constraint of task delay loss ≤ 2 %, 38% of the base stations in the entire network can enter the intelligent sleep state. The opportunistic wireless charging reduces the average grid electricity consumption of eVTOL per flight by 27.4% under idealized line-of-sight conditi

9月10日周四
9月7日周一
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Micro Short-Circuit Diagnosis of eVTOL Lithium-Ion Batteries Under High-Rate Discharge via Multiscale Residual Analysis

    Accurate diagnosis of micro short-circuits (MSCs) is essential for ensuring the safety of lithium-ion batteries used in electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. Unlike conventional electric vehicles, eVTOL batteries normally operate under high-rate discharge conditions, where strong polarization and rapid voltage variations are apt to mask the weak signatures of MSCs. To address this challenge, this study proposes an MSC diagnosis method based on multiscale voltage residual analysis. A battery model is first established to characterize the normal response under high-rate discharge, and the discrepancy between the measured and estimated terminal voltages is used to construct the model residual. Features describing the overall voltage evolution, residual statistical distribution, and multiscale residual fluctuations are then extracted. Specifically, the shadow region integral area and voltage–capacity slope are used to characterize the global voltage trajectory, while the residual mean and kurtosis quantify the systematic deviation and non-Gaussian fluctuation of the residual. Wavelet decomposition is further applied to capture the low- and high-frequency residual characteristics. After feature reduction, eight representative features are retained to establish the diagnostic model. Experimental validation under high-rate discharge conditions demonstrates that the proposed method can effectively identify MSCs despite interference from abnormal aging, thereby reducing the false alarms caused by feature similarity. This study provides a reliable approach for micr

  2. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Coordinated Optimization of Inter-Hub eVTOL Feeder Services with Heterogeneous Passenger Behavior

    Inter-hub feeder service is a promising application for electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft (eVTOL), especially for passengers connecting to subsequent flights under tight time constraints. We develop an optimization framework that accounts for heterogeneous passenger behavior. Using stated-preference survey data, we incorporate delay-risk perception under remaining connection time constraints, identify heterogeneous preference classes, and formulate a bilevel optimization model. The upper level selects eVTOL schedules under given resource and fare configurations. The lower level captures the stochastic user equilibrium of heterogeneous passengers choosing among eVTOL and external transport alternatives. To solve the resulting mixed-integer nonlinear bilevel problem, we propose a Neural Bilevel Optimization and generalized Benders decomposition (Neur2BiLO-GBD) hybrid algorithm. Numerical experiments on the Shanghai Hongqiao–Pudong corridor show that the baseline profit-maximizing plan also generates positive social net utility for the feeder system. Fleet size, charging infrastructure, and fare affect operator profit and social net utility differently, so their high-value regions do not fully coincide. When external transport has larger potential delays and remaining connection time is short, eVTOL is more likely to achieve both high operator profit and high social net utility.

9月5日周六
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Numerical study on noise reduction for eVTOL aircraft based on phase synchronisation method

    With the rapid development of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft for urban air mobility (UAM), rotor noise has become a major barrier to their large-scale deployment. To reduce the cruise noise of tiltrotor eVTOL aircraft, this study develops a medium-to high-fidelity multi-rotor aeroacoustic prediction framework by coupling the reformulated vortex particle method (rVPM) with the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FW–H) acoustic analogy. Based on this framework, phase-synchronisation analyses are first conducted for a tandem twin-rotor system to investigate the effects of relative rotor phase on far-field noise radiation. The aeroacoustic model is then integrated with a self-adaptive constrained Bayesian optimisation algorithm to minimise the average sound pressure level at the blade passing frequency (BPF) evaluated at seven observer locations. The optimised phase configuration reduces the target BPF sound pressure level by approximately 31.3 dB and decreases the overall sound pressure level at the point directly beneath the aircraft by about 7 dB. The analysis of the noise-reduction mechanism indicates that rotor phase adjustment can mitigate the wake-induced loading fluctuations of the rear rotors while promoting destructive acoustic interference among different rotors at far-field observation points. The proposed method causes no appreciable loss in rotor propulsive efficiency and provides a promising approach for low-noise rotor phase design in multi-rotor eVTOL aircraft.

9月3日周四
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Practical law of robust control for takeoff and landing phases of eVTOL vehicle

    Abstract This paper presents the development of a robust control strategy for the take-off, hovering, and landing phases of an electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) vehicle. Controlling such vehicles is particularly challenging due to the nonlinear nature of their dynamics and the variations in flight conditions. To address these challenges, this work proposes the use of a Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)-guided Linear Quadratic Regulator with output feedback (LQRy), synthesized on an augmented plant with target zeros and combined with a Gain Scheduling strategy. The LQRy controller is designed for multiple linearized operating points within the flight envelope, while the Gain-Scheduling technique ensures smooth transitions between the different operational conditions encountered in this envelope. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is assessed through frequency-domain robustness analysis, considering uncertainties in the inertia matrix within the linear model, and, finally, through nonlinear simulations. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach enables stable flight, ensuring effective disturbance rejection and consistent performance under different operating conditions. For the linear model, the results show that the overshoot, Steady-state time, and rise time requirements are satisfied according to the performance criteria established in this work. For the nonlinear model, it can be observed that the altitude response achieved 0% overshoot during both takeoff and landing, with rise times of 1.63 s and 1.73 s and steady-state time of 2.57 s a

9月2日周三
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Research on a Differential Game Considering Endurance and Marketing Effort for eVTOL Under a Subsidy Policy

    Electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) represents a novel mode of transportation emerging within the low-altitude economy framework, exhibiting extensive development prospects. As a widely adopted incentive policy, government subsidy constitutes a crucial method for supporting the development of this strategic emerging industry. This paper constructs a differential game model of a supply chain composed of a manufacturer and retailer capable of simultaneously producing and selling eVTOL, considering three scenarios: centralized decision-making and decentralized decision-making with or without cost-sharing. Based on optimal control and differential game theory, the decision-making processes of supply chain members are investigated, and equilibrium strategies under different scenarios are compared and analyzed, with the model’s validity confirmed through numerical simulations. The findings indicate that the subsidy policy exerts a positive impact on the eVTOL supply chain: as the subsidy rates increase, supply chain members are better resourced to invest in endurance and marketing, thereby fostering eVTOL development. Concurrently, a reduction in wholesale and retail prices is observed, rendering eVTOL more affordable and of higher quality for consumers. The competitive structure of the upstream market does not alter this fundamental conclusion. The optimal endurance effort, marketing effort, eVTOL brand goodwill, and demand under the centralized decision-making model are higher than those under the decentralized one. In a certain feasible region, the two-way cost-shari

8月31日周一
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Effects of Axial Clearance in a Wall-Penetrating Blade Ring Ducted Fan for Unmanned eVTOL Propulsion

    Tip leakage degrades ducted fan performance and contributes to unsteady loading noise. This study investigates a wall-penetrating blade ring (WPBR) ducted fan for unmanned electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL), replacing radial clearance with axial end face gaps. Six configurations of a 381 mm four-bladed rotor were evaluated at 5000 r/min under quasi-hover conditions: a conventional ducted fan, an internal blade ring rotor, and four WPBR cases with single-sided clearances of 0.8–2.0 mm. Sliding-mesh unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations using the shear stress transport k-ω model were coupled with the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings formulation. The WPBR formed a U-shaped cavity recirculation and redistributed the concentrated tip-region vortical structures. The 1.2 mm case retained 28.72 N of thrust, 2.1% above baseline, while reducing torque by 6.1% relative to the 0.8 mm case; its figure of merit remained lower. Its simulations predicted a reduction of 16.4 dB in the first blade-passing frequency level in the rotor plane and a predicted reduction of up to 15 dB in overall sound pressure level at 1 m. Thus, it represents a compromise among thrust, torque, and predicted acoustic performance rather than an aerodynamic optimum. A magnetically supported prototype operated up to 2000 r/min, demonstrating low-speed operability of the architecture for unmanned eVTOL propulsion.

8月26日周三
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Simulation-Based Capacity Analysis of Cross-Dock eVTOL Vertiports for Cargo Operations

    Emerging electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft have the potential to expedite freight movements, particularly the middle-mile segment. Recent studies on eVTOL have focused on the design of vertiports. However, previous studies focused on passenger transport use cases. This paper, to the best of the author’s knowledge, is the first to analyze ground operations of vertiports that are integrated into existing cross-docks (CDs). Two designs are investigated: (1) vertiports with fixed-use CD doors (VP-CD-Fixed); and (2) vertiports with dual-use CD doors (VP-CD-Dual). Fixed-use CD doors are designed for inbound or outbound cargo, while dual-use CD doors accommodate both. The VP-CD-Fixed and VP-CD-Dual configurations and operations were modeled using an agent-based modeling software, AnyLogic, to enable the analysis of system throughput within 8 h with different unloading times, loading times, and landing/takeoff prioritization schemes. Regulatory criteria from the Federal Aviation Administration Engineering Bulletin 105A were used to guide the selection of realistic vertiport design options. The simulation results show that cargo handling time, the balance between unloading and loading time, stand capacity, operation type, and configuration all have significant effects on vertiport throughput. For example, extended cargo handling times become a critical factor in system throughput; however, their effect differs between VP-CD-Fixed and VP-CD-Dual, and between the two landing/takeoff priority schemes. To support design decisions for VP-CD-Fixed and VP-CD-Dual confi

8月24日周一
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Mission-Phase Feature Learning for eVTOL Li-Ion Battery Prognostics: A Leakage-Safe Cell-Held-Out Benchmark for SOC, SOH, and RUL

    Reliable battery prognostics for electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft require models that preserve phase-dependent electrothermal information while generalizing to cells absent from training. This study reconstructs the public CMU eVTOL battery dataset and establishes a leakage-safe benchmark for state of charge (SOC), five-mission-ahead state of health (SOH), and threshold-based remaining useful life (RUL). A protocol-based screen identified 441 valid C/5 reference-performance-test anchors across 22 cells; three cells with non-monotone diagnostic-capacity trajectories were excluded from the primary health benchmark, leaving 19 cells. Predictors were restricted to telemetry-derived phase and mission features, with cell identity and target- or future-derived quantities excluded. All health models were evaluated using outer leave-one-cell-out validation with matched 20-mission histories. Random Forest achieved the lowest SOH MAE of 0.620 percentage points, compared with 1.252 for the mission-phase Transformer and 1.471 for Attention-LSTM-MoE. The best RUL MAEs were 24.067, 46.527, and 122.198 missions at the 90%, 85%, and 80% SOH thresholds. Cell-bootstrap uncertainty showed that model differences were threshold-dependent. Row-random splitting produced substantially more optimistic errors than cell-held-out evaluation. These results show that rigorous target construction and leakage-safe validation are critical and that increased sequence-model complexity does not guarantee superior unseen-cell generalization.

  2. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Taming the tilt: A unified pilot control concept for transformational eVTOL aircraft

    Abstract Transformational electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) vehicles have gained significant attention over the past decade due to their efficient wing-borne cruise capabilities and reduced reliance on ground-based infrastructure. However, control system design for these vehicles remains challenging, as they must operate across multiple flight phases, each with distinct dominant dynamics. If left unaddressed, this complexity would significantly increase pilot workload, thus motivating the development of pilot control systems for multi-phase flight operations. The Simplified Vehicle Operations concept presents a promising strategy for reducing pilot workload. This study presents the design and implementation of a novel pilot control concept for eVTOL aircraft, validated through a tandem tilt-wing aircraft simulation on a full-motion simulator equipped with an active, force-feedback side stick. The system provides pilots with tactile feedback during specific flight phases, supporting intuitive control. The proposed approach enables seamless transitions and multi-phase flight maneuvers by leveraging the available degrees of freedom. Furthermore, an optimal-control-based methodology is proposed as a metric to evaluate command-filter-induced performance penalties and inceptor activities. The results show that the proposed command filter does not significantly increase the mission duration compared to the closed-loop system, while the active side stick helps reduce inceptor activity.

8月22日周六
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Design, Fabrication, and In-Flight Demonstration of a 24S NCM Battery System for an eVTOL Aircraft

    Reliable pack-level battery systems capable of safely handling instantaneous high-C-rate discharge above 10C during take-off, climb, and hovering are required for the commercialization of urban air mobility (UAM) aircraft. However, pack-level studies on wide-range C-rate characteristics of battery systems for UAM applications remain very limited, and most previous studies have been restricted to single-cell experiments or battery-pack simulations. In this study, a 24S1P test battery pack using nickel–cobalt–manganese (NCM) pouch cells, with a nominal voltage of 88.8 V and a capacity of 22 Ah, was designed and fabricated. A two-level battery management system (BMS) based on the LTC6803G-4 was also developed. To evaluate the charge–discharge characteristics of the battery system, constant-current discharge tests were conducted under five conditions ranging from 0.2C (4.4 A) to 10.68C (235 A), and charging tests were performed over the range of 0.2C–2C. The discharge test results showed that the capacity retention remained within 97.5–100.0% in the 1C–5C range, confirming excellent power capability. Continuous discharge operation was confirmed at 10.68C, the maximum discharge condition considered for vertical take-off and climb. Under this condition, the capacity decreased to 16.26 Ah, corresponding to 74.2% of the rated capacity, owing to internal-resistance-induced voltage drop, electrochemical polarization, and early attainment of the cut-off voltage. The Peukert exponent was estimated to be 1.113. An apparent pack-level direct-current internal resistance (DCIR) of approxim

8月14日周五
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    eVTOL Route Planning for Urban Low-Altitude Bus Services Considering Dynamic Passenger Load Variations and Battery Safety Constraints

    Urban low-altitude bus operations require coordinated eVTOL route decisions under station time windows, dynamic passenger boarding and alighting, load-dependent energy consumption, opportunity charging, and battery safety requirements. We formulate a mixed-integer programming model for reservation-based shared services that lexicographically minimizes the number of deployed aircraft first and total flight distance second while enforcing passenger-capacity, time-window, charging, and battery-safety constraints. To solve large instances efficiently, an Elite-Pool guided Load-Coupled Energy-aware Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search algorithm (EP-LCE-ALNS) is developed by combining forward load-energy-coupled decoding, multi-start construction, elite-route guidance, and adaptive neighborhood search. Benchmark comparisons show that EP-LCE-ALNS consistently achieves strong solution quality across instances of different scales and outperforms the comparison algorithms on large-scale problems. Sensitivity analyses further show that increasing passenger capacity reduces fleet requirements and flight distance, whereas a larger battery safety margin increases both, providing decision support for fleet configuration, route organization, and safety settings.

7月30日周四
  2. Crossref eVTOL会议论文索引历史资料

    A Standardized Mid-Fidelity Aerodynamic Comparison of Four Tiltrotor eVTOL Configurations Using SUAVE and VSPAero

    <div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This study compares 4 representative tiltrotor platforms: Joby S4, Archer Midnight, Vertical Aerospace VX4, and Uber eCRM-001 in a typical UAM mission profile under standardized rotor and wing assumptions using an integrated OpenVSP-SUAVE-VSPAero framework. This work aims to isolate the influence of eVTOL configuration from proprietary optimizations on thrust generation and aerodynamic interaction by using standard wing airfoils and a consistent rotor design tool.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Vehicle geometries were modeled in OpenVSP. Rotor Operating conditions were obtained from the SUAVE conceptual design platform. Mid-fidelity aerodynamic analysis was done using VSPAero.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">SUAVE results show a decrease in thrust requirements as the tilt angle decreases, with the most complexity occurring in the transition phase where lift shifts from rotors to wing. Archer Midnight and Vertical Aerospace VX4 show higher hover thrust requirements due to their high takeoff weights. They display localized thrust increase near mid transition due to numerical adjustments made to achieve solver convergence. Joby S4 and Uber eCRM-001 display a smoother thrust requirement trend. VSPAero simulations also show a gradual decrease in thrust from hover to cruise. Joby S4’s continuously active rotor configuration maintained more stable performance than the hybrid configurations, which deactivate lift-only rotors after takeoff.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">A comparative flight feasibility a

7月29日周三
7月24日周五
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    New innovation-new liability challenges: a comparative civil liability framework for eVTOL malfunction

    Purpose This study aims to examine whether existing civil liability regimes are capable of responding adequately to accidents involving electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOLs) and considers how liability allocation may be structured to support the safe and commercially viable deployment of urban air mobility services. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts a qualitative doctrinal and comparative approach. It analyses relevant principles of tort law, product liability and aviation liability across the USA, the European Union and the United Arab Emirates, with particular focus on harm arising from software malfunction, autonomous or semi-autonomous operations, infrastructure failure and multi-party service delivery models. Findings This study finds that existing liability frameworks are only partially equipped to address eVTOL-related harm. Conventional fault-based rules and existing aviation liability instruments were developed for more traditional forms of carriage and do not adequately reflect distributed operational control, algorithmic decision-making or the fragmented contractual structure of eVTOL markets. This study argues for a tiered liability framework based on functional control, under which manufacturers and software developers would bear strict liability for design and software defects, operators would remain responsible for operational and maintenance failures and infrastructure providers would face presumptive responsibility where vertiport or support system failures materially contribute to damage. Originality/value This study contribu

7月23日周四
7月21日周二
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Research on the market-oriented investment and financing pathways for China's low-altitude infrastructure construction: with reference to the FAA eVTOL integration pilot program

    China's low-altitude infrastructure construction highly relies on government finance, a commercial closed loop has not yet been formed, and investment and financing difficulties have become increasingly prominent. It is urgent to explore a localized path to transform from "government transfusion" to "market hematopoiesis". By analyzing current situation, difficulties and underlying causes of investment and financing in low-altitude infrastructure, and taking Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) eVTOL Integration Pilot Program (eIPP) as a reference, it analyzes its core logic of relying on operational certainty to activate market-oriented investment, and combines the unique institutional environment to complete localization transformation. The research found that the key to breaking the impasse lies in building an endogenous value cycle system of "scenario-data-capital-infrastructure" and establishing a dual-drive collaborative mechanism with central state-owned enterprises' "patient capital" as the backbone and social capital as the vitality engine.

  2. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Distributed Electronic Control Architecture and Low-Latency Electronic Information Transmission Technology for eVTOL

    The distributed power unit of the electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft should have good real-time control performance and transmission determinism, and the traditional centralised avionics system will be prone to bus delay accumulation and single points of failure. Collaborative Design for a Distributed Electronic Control Architecture and Low-Latency Transmission Technology: Weighted graphs are used to determine the position of nodes in the architecture, multi-agent task decoupling and load-balancing schemes are introduced, a triple-redundancy fault reconfiguration mechanism has been established; at the transmission level, a physical-layer scheme with shortened polar codes and CRC-aided decoding has been developed, and it is combined with Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) scheduling and edge-end collaborative compression; finally, at the integration level, a co-flow conflict resolution model, mode-adaptive bandwidth allocation and clock synchronization jitter suppression strategies have been developed. Based on the above verification results, the total transmission jitter of the proposed scheme will be less than 1% of the control period.

7月20日周一
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Experimental and computational aeroacoustic and aerodynamic evaluations of five eVTOL propeller blades

    Drones generate significant noise during their operation, limiting their usage in noise-sensitive environments. This study compared four pairs of eVTOL propeller blade designs from Texas High Energy Materials, LLC against a commercial baseline to reduce noise while maintaining aerodynamic efficiency. Experimental measurements and computational simulations were used to evaluate the aeroacoustic and aerodynamic performances. Experimental data was processed to obtain spatially averaged auto-spectra and overall sound pressure levels. It wasshown that one of the proprietary blades presented the quietest overall noise level, generating an overall 14.9 dBA noise reduction compared to the commercial blades with an overall level of 80.8 dBA. Comparisons between measured and simulated data showed a 3.4 - 8.8 dBA difference, with computational models consistently underpredicting dominant noise peaks at blade passing frequencies. Although these computational models are useful in optimizing the designs where relative performance improvements are only important, the dBA difference can be reduced through improved finite element mesh quality in future simulations. Aerodynamic predictions indicated that the quietest blade design was the most energy-efficient, producing the highest average lift-to-power ratio of 0.95 N/W. Finally, experimental Nearfield Acoustic Holography results suggest that simple rotating monopole models can be used to represent the propeller noise effectively.

  2. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Experimental and computational aeroacoustic and aerodynamic evaluations of five eVTOL propeller blades

    Drones generate significant noise during their operation, limiting their usage in noise-sensitive environments. This study compared four pairs of eVTOL propeller blade designs from Texas High Energy Materials, LLC against a commercial baseline to reduce noise while maintaining aerodynamic efficiency. Experimental measurements and computational simulations were used to evaluate the aeroacoustic and aerodynamic performances. Experimental data was processed to obtain spatially averaged auto-spectra and overall sound pressure levels. It was shown that one of the proprietary blades presented the quietest overall noise level, generating an overall 14.9 dBA noise reduction compared to the commercial blades with an overall level of 80.8 dBA. Comparisons between measured and simulated data showed a 3.4 - 8.8 dBA difference, with computational models consistently underpredicting dominant noise peaks at blade passing frequencies. Although these computational models are useful in optimizing the designs where relative performance improvements are only important, the dBA difference can be reduced through improved finite element mesh quality in future simulations. Aerodynamic predictions indicated that the quietest blade design was the most energy-efficient, producing the highest average lift-to-power ratio of 0.95 N/W. Finally, experimental Nearfield Acoustic Holography results suggest that simple rotating monopole models can be used to represent the propeller noise effectively.

  3. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Propeller Noise Study for eVTOL Interior Noise Using Equivalent Acoustic Source Model

    Propeller-driven propulsion systems are receiving renewed attention in aviation with emerging electric propulsion concepts. This creates a growing need for predictive tools to assess its impact on vehicle vibro-acoustic performance. However, directly coupling high-fidelity aeroacoustic simulations with detailed acoustic and structural models can become computationally impractical for engineering studies. This paper explores a workflow in which aeroacoustic sources are represented using the Equivalent Source Method (ESM) and coupled with vibro-acoustic models to estimate interior cabin noise of an electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. A propeller configuration representative of such systems is simulated using compressible transient CFD, with far-field acoustic pressure obtained through the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) analogy. An equivalent compact acoustic source representation of the propeller is then generated and used within a Boundary Element Method (BEM) acoustic model with a hierarchical solver to compute surface pressure fields on the aircraft. These pressure fields are idealized as acoustically diffuse in order to excite exterior panels in a Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) model for interior cabin noise estimation. Results for the eVTOL examine how different methods can be used the predict interior acoustic response from mutual propellers.

7月16日周四
7月3日周五
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    A Scenario-Based Continuous-Time Markov Framework for Preliminary Safety Screening of eVTOL Operations Under Climate, Battery, Power-Supply and Diagnostic Uncertainty

    This study examines the development of urban air mobility, which requires the creation of vertiports capable of ensuring the safe operation of electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) systems. Key operational constraints include unstable power supply, external climatic conditions, and reliance on battery systems. This study aims to develop a risk-based model for vertiport planning those accounts for the stochastic nature of eVTOL operational safety. A continuous-time Markov model incorporating nominal operational characteristics, system constraints, and transitions into emergency and catastrophic flight modes is proposed. State transitions within the model are primarily driven by climatic indicators, power supply reliability, battery parameters, maintenance quality, and diagnostic coverage. To interpret the low probabilities of transitioning to a catastrophic mode, this study introduces a safety index (integrated safety index), which facilitates the comparison of various operational scenarios and regulatory maturity levels. The practical importance of the research lies in applying the proposed model to precisely select vertiport locations; assess energy infrastructure requirements; and organize onboard monitoring, robotic preflight inspection systems, and decision support systems. The results demonstrate that eVTOL operational safety is assessed not only through spatial and infrastructure metrics but also through an integrated indicator encompassing power supply, climate, battery degradation, diagnostics, and hardware–software reliability of the entire vertiport system

7月1日周三
  2. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    A hybrid evaluation framework for eVTOL deployment in the low-altitude economy: usability, risk, and strategic implications

    Abstract Amid the rapid global emergence of the low-altitude economy (LAE), electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, recognized as a key technology for urban air mobility (UAM), face multifaceted challenges in terms of usability and risk evaluation. Existing assessment approaches are generally limited by their inadequate capacity to handle uncertainty, insufficient identification of causal relationships, and fragmented indicator systems, thus hindering comprehensive decision support for eVTOL deployment. To address these issues, this study proposes a multi-stage hybrid multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework that integrates neutrosophic fuzzy sets (NFS), the weighted influence non-linear gauge system (WINGS), and interpretive structural modeling (ISM). The framework first employs NFS to quantitatively represent experts’ uncertain cognitive evaluations, then applies the WINGS model to capture the non-linear interaction intensity and centrality among factors, and finally incorporates ISM to uncover multi-level causal pathways. This integrated approach enables a closed-loop decision support process encompassing evaluation, diagnosis, and optimization. An empirical analysis focusing on eVTOL applications in public service scenarios identifies critical structural barriers such as infrastructure development gaps, policy lag, and market adaptation challenges. Corresponding systematic optimization strategies are proposed. The results demonstrate that the proposed model exhibits strong robustness and interpretability in managing fuzzy information and modeling

6月10日周三
6月8日周一
6月4日周四