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#研发/设计

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9月30日周三
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Data Protection and Cybersecurity Governance for eVTOL Systems in the UAE: Comparative Lessons from the EU and US.

    The article investigates the data governance challenges arising from the integration of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) systems into the United Arab Emirates’ emerging urban air mobility ecosystem. As eVTOL operations rely on continuous streams of biometric, geolocation and operational telemetry data, existing legal instruments, particularly the UAE Personal Data Protection Law (Federal Decree by Law No. (45) of 2021), national cybersecurity strategies and General Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA) advisories, remain underprepared to regulate these high-risk data flows. The article examines the extent to which UAE frameworks can accommodate the unique risks posed by autonomous, data-driven aviation, including the processing of sensitive passenger data, real-time cross-border transfers, AI-based navigation decisions and the vulnerability of interconnected systems to cyberattacks. Through a doctrinal analysis, it draws comparative insights from the European Union’s integrated data protection and aviation cybersecurity model and the United States’ decentralised, innovation-led approach. The article argues that aviation-specific data governance standards, enhancing algorithmic accountability and strengthening cybersecurity obligations are essential steps for aligning technological ambition with public safety. It concludes that a coherent, forward-looking regulatory model will be critical for ensuring trust, accountability and operational resilience as the UAE advances its eVTOL deployment plans.

9月28日周一
  1. arXiv先进空中交通研究历史资料

    Strategically Robust Game-Theoretic Multi-Agent Trajectory Optimization

    Aviation authorities worldwide expect Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) traffic management to be decentralized among service providers, requiring AAM flights to autonomously plan trajectories by predicting other flights' control inputs rather than relying on centralized coordination. Game-theoretic approaches that formulate multi-agent collision avoidance as an exact dynamic potential game can efficiently find open-loop equilibria, but they assume that agents exactly follow their equilibrium trajectories---an unrealistic assumption given uncertainties in actuation, perception, and computation. We propose a strategically robust formulation where each agent protects against a fictitious adversary that, for each timestep, perturbs other agents' control inputs within a bounded budget to minimize distance at that timestep. We show that, under reasonable assumptions on agents' distance cost and robustness levels, the strategically robust game remains an exact dynamic potential game and admits a quasi-closed-form solution to the inner adversarial problem for linear dynamics, which limits computational overhead. Experiments with up to eight agents using logarithmic distance costs show that strategic robustness selects more robust trajectories in high-collision-risk configurations while leaving low-risk trajectories nearly unchanged, with only a modest increase in runtime.（预印本；同行评审状态请核对原文。）

9月20日周日
  1. arXiv先进空中交通研究历史资料

    Paying for Space: Incentive-Aware Motion Planning for Multi-Agent Collision Avoidance

    Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) systems require scalable coordination mechanisms to manage large fleets of aerial vehicles operating in shared, capacity-limited airspace. In such environments, different operators may have private preferences over trajectory characteristics, such as travel time, fuel consumption, or deviation from nominal routes. If centralized traffic management relies on self-reported preferences, operators may strategically misreport their costs to obtain more favorable trajectories. This paper proposes a multistage motion planning framework augmented with mechanism design to enable collision avoidance for AAM systems with privately known costs. The proposed approach integrates convex safe corridor construction with a VCG-inspired mechanism to ensure conflict-free passage through constrained airspace while incentivizing truthful revelation of private preferences. Simulation results demonstrate safe and decentralized coordination among agents with heterogeneous preferences.（预印本；同行评审状态请核对原文。）

9月19日周六
9月18日周五
  1. arXiv先进空中交通研究历史资料

    A Mean-Field Approach for Safe Routing of Multi-Destination Urban Air Mobility Networks

    As Urban Air Mobility (UAM) systems scale toward high-density operations, managing autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) traffic requires control frameworks that are both tractable and safety-critical. This paper presents a principled optimal control-theoretic foundation for routing in multi-destination UAM networks subject to vertiport capacity and flow constraints. We first model the network as a destination-conditioned Continuous-Time Markov Chain (CTMC) to capture the stochastic transitions between queueing, service, and flight states. To ensure tractability, we employ a mean-field fluid approximation and derive the underlying system dynamics as a set of coupled ordinary differential equations. A key contribution of this work is the formal proof of the positive invariance of the queue-free state space. We demonstrate that under specific underloaded conditions, a system initialized without queues will remain queue-free indefinitely. This result allows us to transform a complex, infinite-dimensional continuous-time optimal control problem into a tractable, finite-dimensional algebraic optimization. The resulting framework jointly optimizes for travel time and multi-hop efficiency while ensuring network-wide stability. We validate the approach by characterizing the steady-state flow equilibria and providing sufficient conditions for safe, congestion-free operation in large-scale mobility systems.（预印本；同行评审状态请核对原文。）

9月16日周三
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    The 6G integrated perception and networking technology enables the low-altitude economy to achieve carbon neutrality: Dynamic sleep strategy for eVTOL wireless charging based on time-energy-carbon coupling

    In response to the bottleneck issues of energy consumption and carbon emissions caused by the explosive growth of the low-altitude economy, we break away from the traditional single-machine energy-saving research paradigm and innovatively reconfigure the sixth-generation mobile communication (6G) perception-integration base station into a “power-information” dual-mode supply node that can enter a dormant state. The time-energy-carbon ternary coupling model (TEC-6G) was constructed, and the collaborative trade-off mechanism of the base station sleep ratio, the pointing angle of the microwave energy beam and the quality of service (QoS) of the eVTOL task was quantified for the first time. Based on the real geographical topology of 5G-A base stations in the Yangtze River Delta region and the dataset of 12,000 eVTOL flight paths. A 3.5 GHz phased array wireless energy transmission link was built on the MATLAB platform, specifically designed for opportunistic hovering-stage trickle charging and emergency power supplementation during eVTOL mission profiles, rather than sustained cruising power delivery. By integrating the measured millimeter-wave channel impulse responses, a two-stage solution framework of graph neural network-Particle swarm hybrid (GNN-PSO) was designed. Experiments show that under the strict constraint of task delay loss ≤ 2 %, 38% of the base stations in the entire network can enter the intelligent sleep state. The opportunistic wireless charging reduces the average grid electricity consumption of eVTOL per flight by 27.4% under idealized line-of-sight conditi

9月14日周一
  1. arXiv先进空中交通研究历史资料

    Belief-Adaptive Online Autonomy for Quadrotor UAV Navigation under GNSS Degradation in Urban Environments

    Reliable online autonomy is critical for quadrotor operation in urban airspaces, where global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) measurements suffer from multipath, blockage, and latency issues, introducing non-stationary, temporally correlated errors that degrade conventional GNSS-IMU fusion. This paper presents a belief-adaptive online autonomy framework that augments an extended Kalman filter (EKF) with explicit GNSS trust modelling, second-order online belief adaptation, and latency-aware out-of-sequence measurement handling. GNSS trust is represented as a latent belief state that modulates measurement weighting and multipath bias uncertainty, and is updated online using EKF consistency signals. Unlike reactive covariance tuning, the proposed approach enables proactive and stable sensor trust adaptation without prior environmental knowledge or offline training. Evaluation in simulated urban air mobility scenarios with correlated multipath, stochastic latency, and obstacle constraints demonstrates improved belief convergence, smoother trajectories, and reduced estimation and tracking errors compared to naive, adaptive, and first-order baselines. The framework preserves classical GNSS-IMU fusion structure and can be integrated directly into existing flight control pipelines, supporting robust online autonomy in GNSS degraded environments.（预印本；同行评审状态请核对原文。）

9月12日周六
  1. arXiv eVTOL预印本历史资料

    nBMS, a Neuromorphic Battery Management System with a Silicon-Validated Spiking State-of-Charge Core for eVTOL Aircraft

    State-of-charge (SoC) estimation for electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft must run on the vehicle under hard energy and certification budgets, on a duty cycle unlike anything in the automotive literature. In this study an event-driven spiking network, the state-estimation core of the nBMS neuromorphic battery management architecture, is designed for per-timestep SoC estimation and evaluated on a public 22-cell eVTOL dataset with an automotive cross-check. A delta and population encoder, a second-order sigma-delta spiking layer, and a rate-accumulator readout hold 34{,}433 int16 parameters with zero dense multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations. The estimator reaches 2.45\% root-mean-square error (RMSE) against 1.74\% for a tuned long short-term memory (LSTM) baseline, a gap characterized as a temporal-mixing limit in cruise; in exchange it degrades 1.6 times slower than an adaptive leaky integrate-and-fire control under sensor noise and needs roughly 3{,}500 additions per step where the LSTM needs 67{,}700 multiply-accumulates. The full core is deployed on a low-cost automotive-qualified Artix-7 field-programmable gate array at 87\% block-RAM utilization, meets timing at 50~MHz, and reproduces the frozen fixed-point reference bit-exactly over a real 491-step flight segment on silicon. Fully annotated post-implementation analysis gives 1.30~$μ$J per inference, an average of 0.65~$μ$W at the 0.5~Hz mission cadence.（预印本；同行评审状态请核对原文。）

9月11日周五
  1. arXiv先进空中交通研究历史资料

    Uncertainty-Aware Conflict Detection Against Operator-Conditioned Weather Hazards

    Strategic flight plan validation in Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) environments requires robust methods for predicting aircraft state uncertainty and detecting potential conflicts with dynamic airspace hazards. This paper presents a novel framework for uncertainty-conditioned trajectory prediction combined with polyhedra hazard representation for pre-flight conflict detection. We introduce a closed-form uncertainty estimation method that couples non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) curve fitting for kinematic trajectory generation with a Kalman Filter for state covariance propagation. Drawing from the Light Propagation Algorithm (LPA) paradigm, we employ a sigmoid-blended measurement noise model that captures the uncertainty reduction behavior of flight management systems approaching the required time of arrival (RTA) for waypoints. The resulting temporal uncertainty bounds are derived through a velocity-to-time variance transformation, enabling probabilistic assessment of arrival time deviations along the flight path. For hazard representation, we develop an operator-conditioned classification scheme that transforms gridded environmental data, specifically weather phenomena, into three-dimensional polyhedra volumes with intensity-based stratification. These hazard polyhedra incorporate aircraft-specific safety buffers computed from vehicle performance characteristics. Conflict detection is performed through mesh intersection algorithms operating on the spatial uncertainty tube surrounding the mean trajectory against the hazard polyhedra and temporal overlap. The framework en（预印本；同行评审状态请核对原文。）

9月10日周四
9月7日周一
  1. arXiv eVTOL预印本历史资料

    Propeller-wing interactions of a lift + cruise eVTOL configuration during transition

    The wakes of a lift + cruise aircraft's vertical lift propellers interact with the wing during the transition from hover to forward flight. This study investigates how variations in axial and longitudinal separations between the vertical lift propellers and the wing affect aerodynamic performance during this critical phase. Axial variations were introduced by orienting the motors either upright or inverted at two longitudinal positions relative to the wing. Wind tunnel tests were conducted on the resulting lift + cruise wing configurations over a Reynolds number range of 52,000 to 377,000, using tufts, pressure taps, and load cells to capture aerodynamic behaviour. Results show that the early transition phase (front propeller advance ratios between 0 and 0.25) is particularly sensitive to configuration changes. Rear motor orientation had a pronounced effect: when oriented upright at the shortest longitudinal separation, the active lift propellers increased the lift-drag ratio of the design by approximately 4 units, whereas in the rear motor inverted case the design suffered a 4-point reduction in the lift-drag ratio. Decreasing the longitudinal separation amplified both the beneficial lift contribution of the rear propeller and the generally adverse effects of the front propeller. However, placing the front propeller closer to the wing in the upright orientation enhanced performance at advance ratios between 0.11 and 0.25, due to favourable interactions between the wing and the front propeller's trailing vortices.（预印本；同行评审状态请核对原文。）

  2. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Micro Short-Circuit Diagnosis of eVTOL Lithium-Ion Batteries Under High-Rate Discharge via Multiscale Residual Analysis

    Accurate diagnosis of micro short-circuits (MSCs) is essential for ensuring the safety of lithium-ion batteries used in electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. Unlike conventional electric vehicles, eVTOL batteries normally operate under high-rate discharge conditions, where strong polarization and rapid voltage variations are apt to mask the weak signatures of MSCs. To address this challenge, this study proposes an MSC diagnosis method based on multiscale voltage residual analysis. A battery model is first established to characterize the normal response under high-rate discharge, and the discrepancy between the measured and estimated terminal voltages is used to construct the model residual. Features describing the overall voltage evolution, residual statistical distribution, and multiscale residual fluctuations are then extracted. Specifically, the shadow region integral area and voltage–capacity slope are used to characterize the global voltage trajectory, while the residual mean and kurtosis quantify the systematic deviation and non-Gaussian fluctuation of the residual. Wavelet decomposition is further applied to capture the low- and high-frequency residual characteristics. After feature reduction, eight representative features are retained to establish the diagnostic model. Experimental validation under high-rate discharge conditions demonstrates that the proposed method can effectively identify MSCs despite interference from abnormal aging, thereby reducing the false alarms caused by feature similarity. This study provides a reliable approach for micr

  3. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Coordinated Optimization of Inter-Hub eVTOL Feeder Services with Heterogeneous Passenger Behavior

    Inter-hub feeder service is a promising application for electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft (eVTOL), especially for passengers connecting to subsequent flights under tight time constraints. We develop an optimization framework that accounts for heterogeneous passenger behavior. Using stated-preference survey data, we incorporate delay-risk perception under remaining connection time constraints, identify heterogeneous preference classes, and formulate a bilevel optimization model. The upper level selects eVTOL schedules under given resource and fare configurations. The lower level captures the stochastic user equilibrium of heterogeneous passengers choosing among eVTOL and external transport alternatives. To solve the resulting mixed-integer nonlinear bilevel problem, we propose a Neural Bilevel Optimization and generalized Benders decomposition (Neur2BiLO-GBD) hybrid algorithm. Numerical experiments on the Shanghai Hongqiao–Pudong corridor show that the baseline profit-maximizing plan also generates positive social net utility for the feeder system. Fleet size, charging infrastructure, and fare affect operator profit and social net utility differently, so their high-value regions do not fully coincide. When external transport has larger potential delays and remaining connection time is short, eVTOL is more likely to achieve both high operator profit and high social net utility.

9月5日周六
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Numerical study on noise reduction for eVTOL aircraft based on phase synchronisation method

    With the rapid development of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft for urban air mobility (UAM), rotor noise has become a major barrier to their large-scale deployment. To reduce the cruise noise of tiltrotor eVTOL aircraft, this study develops a medium-to high-fidelity multi-rotor aeroacoustic prediction framework by coupling the reformulated vortex particle method (rVPM) with the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FW–H) acoustic analogy. Based on this framework, phase-synchronisation analyses are first conducted for a tandem twin-rotor system to investigate the effects of relative rotor phase on far-field noise radiation. The aeroacoustic model is then integrated with a self-adaptive constrained Bayesian optimisation algorithm to minimise the average sound pressure level at the blade passing frequency (BPF) evaluated at seven observer locations. The optimised phase configuration reduces the target BPF sound pressure level by approximately 31.3 dB and decreases the overall sound pressure level at the point directly beneath the aircraft by about 7 dB. The analysis of the noise-reduction mechanism indicates that rotor phase adjustment can mitigate the wake-induced loading fluctuations of the rear rotors while promoting destructive acoustic interference among different rotors at far-field observation points. The proposed method causes no appreciable loss in rotor propulsive efficiency and provides a promising approach for low-noise rotor phase design in multi-rotor eVTOL aircraft.

9月3日周四
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Practical law of robust control for takeoff and landing phases of eVTOL vehicle

    Abstract This paper presents the development of a robust control strategy for the take-off, hovering, and landing phases of an electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) vehicle. Controlling such vehicles is particularly challenging due to the nonlinear nature of their dynamics and the variations in flight conditions. To address these challenges, this work proposes the use of a Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)-guided Linear Quadratic Regulator with output feedback (LQRy), synthesized on an augmented plant with target zeros and combined with a Gain Scheduling strategy. The LQRy controller is designed for multiple linearized operating points within the flight envelope, while the Gain-Scheduling technique ensures smooth transitions between the different operational conditions encountered in this envelope. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is assessed through frequency-domain robustness analysis, considering uncertainties in the inertia matrix within the linear model, and, finally, through nonlinear simulations. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach enables stable flight, ensuring effective disturbance rejection and consistent performance under different operating conditions. For the linear model, the results show that the overshoot, Steady-state time, and rise time requirements are satisfied according to the performance criteria established in this work. For the nonlinear model, it can be observed that the altitude response achieved 0% overshoot during both takeoff and landing, with rise times of 1.63 s and 1.73 s and steady-state time of 2.57 s a

9月2日周三
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Research on a Differential Game Considering Endurance and Marketing Effort for eVTOL Under a Subsidy Policy

    Electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) represents a novel mode of transportation emerging within the low-altitude economy framework, exhibiting extensive development prospects. As a widely adopted incentive policy, government subsidy constitutes a crucial method for supporting the development of this strategic emerging industry. This paper constructs a differential game model of a supply chain composed of a manufacturer and retailer capable of simultaneously producing and selling eVTOL, considering three scenarios: centralized decision-making and decentralized decision-making with or without cost-sharing. Based on optimal control and differential game theory, the decision-making processes of supply chain members are investigated, and equilibrium strategies under different scenarios are compared and analyzed, with the model’s validity confirmed through numerical simulations. The findings indicate that the subsidy policy exerts a positive impact on the eVTOL supply chain: as the subsidy rates increase, supply chain members are better resourced to invest in endurance and marketing, thereby fostering eVTOL development. Concurrently, a reduction in wholesale and retail prices is observed, rendering eVTOL more affordable and of higher quality for consumers. The competitive structure of the upstream market does not alter this fundamental conclusion. The optimal endurance effort, marketing effort, eVTOL brand goodwill, and demand under the centralized decision-making model are higher than those under the decentralized one. In a certain feasible region, the two-way cost-shari

8月31日周一
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Effects of Axial Clearance in a Wall-Penetrating Blade Ring Ducted Fan for Unmanned eVTOL Propulsion

    Tip leakage degrades ducted fan performance and contributes to unsteady loading noise. This study investigates a wall-penetrating blade ring (WPBR) ducted fan for unmanned electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL), replacing radial clearance with axial end face gaps. Six configurations of a 381 mm four-bladed rotor were evaluated at 5000 r/min under quasi-hover conditions: a conventional ducted fan, an internal blade ring rotor, and four WPBR cases with single-sided clearances of 0.8–2.0 mm. Sliding-mesh unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations using the shear stress transport k-ω model were coupled with the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings formulation. The WPBR formed a U-shaped cavity recirculation and redistributed the concentrated tip-region vortical structures. The 1.2 mm case retained 28.72 N of thrust, 2.1% above baseline, while reducing torque by 6.1% relative to the 0.8 mm case; its figure of merit remained lower. Its simulations predicted a reduction of 16.4 dB in the first blade-passing frequency level in the rotor plane and a predicted reduction of up to 15 dB in overall sound pressure level at 1 m. Thus, it represents a compromise among thrust, torque, and predicted acoustic performance rather than an aerodynamic optimum. A magnetically supported prototype operated up to 2000 r/min, demonstrating low-speed operability of the architecture for unmanned eVTOL propulsion.

8月28日周五
  1. arXiv eVTOL预印本历史资料

    Low-Altitude Fluid Antenna Network with Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

    Low-altitude wireless networks (LAWNs) integrate terrestrial and aerial platforms to provide ubiquitous communication, sensing, and localization services for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. However, dynamic air-ground and air-air channels, abrupt blockages, and heterogeneous interference hinder the realization of this goal. Nevertheless, fluid antenna (FA), a cutting-edge multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique, overcomes these challenges by reconfiguring antenna positions to unlock additional spatial degrees-of-freedom. In this paper, towards bringing low-altitude FA networks into reality, we study the fast and high-performance FA reconfiguration for low-altitude FA networks with multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Specifically, we present an electromagnetic digital twin (EM-DT)-assisted MARL framework. To fill the sim-to-real gap, we introduce a two-stage transfer learning framework. Our case study shows that joint FA positions and beamforming optimization can enhance the system sum-rate by 118.5%, compared to the fixed position baseline. This gain comes from the dynamic millisecond timescale reconfiguration of FA arrays and the adaptive steering of beams toward aerial users with mobility.（预印本；同行评审状态请核对原文。）

8月26日周三
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Simulation-Based Capacity Analysis of Cross-Dock eVTOL Vertiports for Cargo Operations

    Emerging electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft have the potential to expedite freight movements, particularly the middle-mile segment. Recent studies on eVTOL have focused on the design of vertiports. However, previous studies focused on passenger transport use cases. This paper, to the best of the author’s knowledge, is the first to analyze ground operations of vertiports that are integrated into existing cross-docks (CDs). Two designs are investigated: (1) vertiports with fixed-use CD doors (VP-CD-Fixed); and (2) vertiports with dual-use CD doors (VP-CD-Dual). Fixed-use CD doors are designed for inbound or outbound cargo, while dual-use CD doors accommodate both. The VP-CD-Fixed and VP-CD-Dual configurations and operations were modeled using an agent-based modeling software, AnyLogic, to enable the analysis of system throughput within 8 h with different unloading times, loading times, and landing/takeoff prioritization schemes. Regulatory criteria from the Federal Aviation Administration Engineering Bulletin 105A were used to guide the selection of realistic vertiport design options. The simulation results show that cargo handling time, the balance between unloading and loading time, stand capacity, operation type, and configuration all have significant effects on vertiport throughput. For example, extended cargo handling times become a critical factor in system throughput; however, their effect differs between VP-CD-Fixed and VP-CD-Dual, and between the two landing/takeoff priority schemes. To support design decisions for VP-CD-Fixed and VP-CD-Dual confi

8月24日周一
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Mission-Phase Feature Learning for eVTOL Li-Ion Battery Prognostics: A Leakage-Safe Cell-Held-Out Benchmark for SOC, SOH, and RUL

    Reliable battery prognostics for electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft require models that preserve phase-dependent electrothermal information while generalizing to cells absent from training. This study reconstructs the public CMU eVTOL battery dataset and establishes a leakage-safe benchmark for state of charge (SOC), five-mission-ahead state of health (SOH), and threshold-based remaining useful life (RUL). A protocol-based screen identified 441 valid C/5 reference-performance-test anchors across 22 cells; three cells with non-monotone diagnostic-capacity trajectories were excluded from the primary health benchmark, leaving 19 cells. Predictors were restricted to telemetry-derived phase and mission features, with cell identity and target- or future-derived quantities excluded. All health models were evaluated using outer leave-one-cell-out validation with matched 20-mission histories. Random Forest achieved the lowest SOH MAE of 0.620 percentage points, compared with 1.252 for the mission-phase Transformer and 1.471 for Attention-LSTM-MoE. The best RUL MAEs were 24.067, 46.527, and 122.198 missions at the 90%, 85%, and 80% SOH thresholds. Cell-bootstrap uncertainty showed that model differences were threshold-dependent. Row-random splitting produced substantially more optimistic errors than cell-held-out evaluation. These results show that rigorous target construction and leakage-safe validation are critical and that increased sequence-model complexity does not guarantee superior unseen-cell generalization.

  2. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Taming the tilt: A unified pilot control concept for transformational eVTOL aircraft

    Abstract Transformational electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) vehicles have gained significant attention over the past decade due to their efficient wing-borne cruise capabilities and reduced reliance on ground-based infrastructure. However, control system design for these vehicles remains challenging, as they must operate across multiple flight phases, each with distinct dominant dynamics. If left unaddressed, this complexity would significantly increase pilot workload, thus motivating the development of pilot control systems for multi-phase flight operations. The Simplified Vehicle Operations concept presents a promising strategy for reducing pilot workload. This study presents the design and implementation of a novel pilot control concept for eVTOL aircraft, validated through a tandem tilt-wing aircraft simulation on a full-motion simulator equipped with an active, force-feedback side stick. The system provides pilots with tactile feedback during specific flight phases, supporting intuitive control. The proposed approach enables seamless transitions and multi-phase flight maneuvers by leveraging the available degrees of freedom. Furthermore, an optimal-control-based methodology is proposed as a metric to evaluate command-filter-induced performance penalties and inceptor activities. The results show that the proposed command filter does not significantly increase the mission duration compared to the closed-loop system, while the active side stick helps reduce inceptor activity.

8月22日周六
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Design, Fabrication, and In-Flight Demonstration of a 24S NCM Battery System for an eVTOL Aircraft

    Reliable pack-level battery systems capable of safely handling instantaneous high-C-rate discharge above 10C during take-off, climb, and hovering are required for the commercialization of urban air mobility (UAM) aircraft. However, pack-level studies on wide-range C-rate characteristics of battery systems for UAM applications remain very limited, and most previous studies have been restricted to single-cell experiments or battery-pack simulations. In this study, a 24S1P test battery pack using nickel–cobalt–manganese (NCM) pouch cells, with a nominal voltage of 88.8 V and a capacity of 22 Ah, was designed and fabricated. A two-level battery management system (BMS) based on the LTC6803G-4 was also developed. To evaluate the charge–discharge characteristics of the battery system, constant-current discharge tests were conducted under five conditions ranging from 0.2C (4.4 A) to 10.68C (235 A), and charging tests were performed over the range of 0.2C–2C. The discharge test results showed that the capacity retention remained within 97.5–100.0% in the 1C–5C range, confirming excellent power capability. Continuous discharge operation was confirmed at 10.68C, the maximum discharge condition considered for vertical take-off and climb. Under this condition, the capacity decreased to 16.26 Ah, corresponding to 74.2% of the rated capacity, owing to internal-resistance-induced voltage drop, electrochemical polarization, and early attainment of the cut-off voltage. The Peukert exponent was estimated to be 1.113. An apparent pack-level direct-current internal resistance (DCIR) of approxim

8月21日周五
  1. arXiv eVTOL预印本历史资料

    Taming the Tilt: A Unified Pilot Control Concept for Transformational eVTOL Aircraft

    Transformational electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) vehicles have gained significant attention over the past decade due to their efficient wing-borne cruise capabilities and reduced reliance on ground-based infrastructure. However, control system design for these vehicles remains challenging, as they must operate across multiple flight phases, each with distinct dominant dynamics. If left unaddressed, this complexity would significantly increase pilot workload, thus motivating the development of pilot control systems for multi-phase flight operations. The Simplified Vehicle Operations concept presents a promising strategy for reducing pilot workload. This study presents the design and implementation of a novel pilot control concept for eVTOL aircraft, validated through a tandem tilt-wing aircraft simulation on a full-motion simulator equipped with an active, force-feedback side stick. The system provides pilots with tactile feedback during specific flight phases, supporting intuitive control. The proposed approach enables seamless transitions and multi-phase flight maneuvers by leveraging the available degrees of freedom. Furthermore, an optimal-control-based methodology is proposed as a metric to evaluate command-filter-induced performance penalties and inceptor activities. The results show that the proposed command filter does not significantly increase the mission duration compared to the closed-loop system, while the active side stick helps reduce inceptor activity.（预印本；同行评审状态请核对原文。）

8月18日周二
  1. arXiv先进空中交通研究历史资料

    Geometry-Aware DRL for Multi-Subband Scheduling in Satellite-Assisted UAM Networks

    In this paper, we investigate downlink scheduling for urban air mobility (UAM) in a cooperative space-air-ground integrated network. Multiple ground stations (GSs) employ narrow three-dimensional beams and share spectrum across multiple subbands, while a satellite provides an orthogonal-band service option. Rapidly time-varying geometry and directional interference require joint decisions on base station association, GS subband assignment, and transmit powers. We formulate a finite-horizon mixed discrete-continuous problem that maximizes sum rate while penalizing handovers and GS overload, using only UAM positions and velocities. To address the combinatorial scheduling problem, we propose GeoSetPPO, a geometry-aware set-attention proximal policy optimization (PPO) method that outputs per-UAM discrete association and subband decisions with permutation-invariant representations. Conditioned on each schedule, GS powers are computed by a per-slot successive convex approximation (SCA) module under per-GS power budgets and minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraints. To reduce training cost and improve stability, we adopt a two-stage training strategy that transitions reward evaluation from uniform power to SCA-based power allocation. Simulations demonstrate stable convergence, higher returns than multi-layer perceptron (MLP)- and Transformer-based PPO under the considered training setting, and favorable reward and schedule-feasibility performance relative to algorithm-based and distance-based schedulers. In the larger evaluated network, GeoSetPPO also redu（预印本；同行评审状态请核对原文。）

8月17日周一
  1. arXiv先进空中交通研究历史资料

    ETA Coordination at UAM Corridor Merging Points Using Worst-Case and Stochastic Trajectory Bounds

    We study an Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)-based traffic-coordination framework for Urban Air Mobility corridors with merging at constrained waypoints (CWPs), where approved ETAs at CWPs serve as Required Times of Arrival (RTAs). Vehicle operators submit ETA plans at the merging point for approval by corridor-management authorities before corridor entry. Corridor entry is then scheduled by enforcing pairwise ETA gaps that maintain inter-vehicle separation on shared corridor sections. We develop two trajectory bounds to compute sufficient ETA gaps: a worst-case bound based on prescribed speed limits, and a stochastic bound based on probabilistic position envelopes under acceleration uncertainty. Using these bounds, we formulate sufficient ETA-gap computation and first-come, first-served corridor entrance scheduling. Simulations show that ETA coordination improves safety over an unscheduled baseline. The worst-case bound provides stronger robustness under higher disturbance levels, whereas the stochastic bound allows higher throughput under mild disturbances while relying on probabilistic modeling assumptions.（预印本；同行评审状态请核对原文。）

8月15日周六
  1. arXiv先进空中交通研究历史资料

    Demand-Driven Vertiport Siting and Discrete-Event Fleet Simulation for On-Demand Urban Air Mobility Network Design

    This paper presents a demand-driven framework for on-demand Urban Air Mobility (UAM) network design that links vertiport siting, fleet simulation, and door-to-door travel-time feasibility. Demand is estimated from commuter and passenger activity data, converted into spatial trip-end points, and clustered using K-means to generate candidate vertiport locations. Candidate networks are screened using range and minimum station-spacing constraints, then evaluated with a discrete-event simulation that models multi-vehicle dispatch, deadhead relocation, battery swaps, and service regularity. Flight time and energy consumption are computed using a point-mass eVTOL performance model. In a Greater Los Angeles case study, the preferred design expands from four stations and four eVTOLs at low demand to sixteen stations and twelve eVTOLs at the highest tested demand level. Results show that larger fleets improve completion time and vehicle-arrival regularity but do not eliminate deadhead flights, indicating that spatial demand imbalance remains an operational burden. The travel-time savings analysis further suggests that UAM is most defensible for longer or congestion-heavy trips where sufficient non-flight time remains after accounting for flight time.（预印本；同行评审状态请核对原文。）

8月14日周五
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    eVTOL Route Planning for Urban Low-Altitude Bus Services Considering Dynamic Passenger Load Variations and Battery Safety Constraints

    Urban low-altitude bus operations require coordinated eVTOL route decisions under station time windows, dynamic passenger boarding and alighting, load-dependent energy consumption, opportunity charging, and battery safety requirements. We formulate a mixed-integer programming model for reservation-based shared services that lexicographically minimizes the number of deployed aircraft first and total flight distance second while enforcing passenger-capacity, time-window, charging, and battery-safety constraints. To solve large instances efficiently, an Elite-Pool guided Load-Coupled Energy-aware Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search algorithm (EP-LCE-ALNS) is developed by combining forward load-energy-coupled decoding, multi-start construction, elite-route guidance, and adaptive neighborhood search. Benchmark comparisons show that EP-LCE-ALNS consistently achieves strong solution quality across instances of different scales and outperforms the comparison algorithms on large-scale problems. Sensitivity analyses further show that increasing passenger capacity reduces fleet requirements and flight distance, whereas a larger battery safety margin increases both, providing decision support for fleet configuration, route organization, and safety settings.

8月11日周二
  1. arXiv先进空中交通研究历史资料

    Wind-Informed Rapid Flight-Planning in Complex Urban Topologies via Machine Learning and Experimental Validation

    Advanced air mobility operations hold the potential to enhance and expand regional transportation of both people and goods in populated areas. However, hazardous flight conditions arising from interactions between wind and the built environment remain a significant challenge for aerial vehicles in urban settings. This work proposes a novel framework towards safe flight planning of aerial vehicles in windy urban environments. A learning-based surrogate model is trained to rapidly predict flow fields from readily available information such as building geometry and incident wind. This surrogate prediction is used to calculate a volumetric flight challenge scalar field based on critical flow parameters and proximity to structures. A safe, flow-informed flight trajectory is then identified through a cost-minimizing pathfinder. The complete system is demonstrated experimentally through flight tests of a micro aerial vehicle through a model urban geometry placed in a large fan-array wind tunnel. Comparing this approach to trajectories generated without knowledge of the wind field, we find the flow-informed approach reduces undesired vehicle displacement and improves flight stability. This work is among the first practical demonstrations of safe, wind-aware methodologies for advanced air mobility in urban environments.（预印本；同行评审状态请核对原文。）

7月31日周五
  1. arXiv先进空中交通研究历史资料

    An ArcGIS Framework for Mapping Human-Centered Noise Annoyance for AAM Infrastructure Planning

    Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) represents a transformative shift in urban transportation; however, successful implementation depends strongly on public acceptance, with noise emerging as a major concern for low-altitude electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) operations. Existing studies commonly describe eVTOL noise using acoustic metrics such as A-weighted sound level and day-night average sound level. This study develops a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based framework that translates eVTOL acoustic outputs into maps representing the percentage of the population that is highly annoyed (%HA) for a representative medical delivery route in Northwest Arkansas. The results show that noise and annoyance generally decrease with distance from the route, while the highest annoyance occurs during descent, followed by climb and cruise. Census population data are integrated to estimate the number of highly annoyed individuals and identify spatial impact hotspots. Noise-annoyance results are then combined with route distance and airspace factors to evaluate alternative routes and identify balanced routing strategies. The proposed framework connects acoustic assessment with human response and supports the identification of noise-sensitive areas, comparison of route alternatives, and socially sustainable AAM infrastructure planning.（预印本；同行评审状态请核对原文。）

7月30日周四
  2. Crossref eVTOL会议论文索引历史资料

    A Standardized Mid-Fidelity Aerodynamic Comparison of Four Tiltrotor eVTOL Configurations Using SUAVE and VSPAero

    <div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This study compares 4 representative tiltrotor platforms: Joby S4, Archer Midnight, Vertical Aerospace VX4, and Uber eCRM-001 in a typical UAM mission profile under standardized rotor and wing assumptions using an integrated OpenVSP-SUAVE-VSPAero framework. This work aims to isolate the influence of eVTOL configuration from proprietary optimizations on thrust generation and aerodynamic interaction by using standard wing airfoils and a consistent rotor design tool.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Vehicle geometries were modeled in OpenVSP. Rotor Operating conditions were obtained from the SUAVE conceptual design platform. Mid-fidelity aerodynamic analysis was done using VSPAero.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">SUAVE results show a decrease in thrust requirements as the tilt angle decreases, with the most complexity occurring in the transition phase where lift shifts from rotors to wing. Archer Midnight and Vertical Aerospace VX4 show higher hover thrust requirements due to their high takeoff weights. They display localized thrust increase near mid transition due to numerical adjustments made to achieve solver convergence. Joby S4 and Uber eCRM-001 display a smoother thrust requirement trend. VSPAero simulations also show a gradual decrease in thrust from hover to cruise. Joby S4’s continuously active rotor configuration maintained more stable performance than the hybrid configurations, which deactivate lift-only rotors after takeoff.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">A comparative flight feasibility a

7月29日周三
7月27日周一
  1. arXiv先进空中交通研究历史资料

    Co-planning of Flight Corridors and Communication Infrastructure for Urban Drone Logistics Networks

    Reliable wireless connectivity is essential for urban air mobility (UAM) networks in dense urban environments. It is therefore imperative to carefully plan the supporting communication infrastructure for UAM flight corridors. Most existing works optimize communication infrastructure and UAV flight paths independently, often leading to unnecessary base station (BS) deployment or excessive flight detours. This paper studies the joint optimization of BS deployment and UAV flight corridors in complex urban environments, aiming to minimize both infrastructure investment and flight distance while satisfying communication quality constraints. We propose CR-CMAB, a channel reciprocity-guided combinatorial multi-armed bandit framework. The framework constructs high-fidelity radio maps using 3D ray tracing, selects BS combinations via coverage-aware CMAB search, and dynamically expands the search space by identifying promising BS locations through channel reciprocity. Experimental results from a detailed case study demonstrate that CR-CMAB outperforms baseline methods with moderate computational time, yielding more strategically positioned BSs and shorter flight corridors. This study offers a practical planning perspective for cost-effective and communication-reliable UAM deployment in future smart cities.（预印本；同行评审状态请核对原文。）

7月24日周五
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    New innovation-new liability challenges: a comparative civil liability framework for eVTOL malfunction

    Purpose This study aims to examine whether existing civil liability regimes are capable of responding adequately to accidents involving electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOLs) and considers how liability allocation may be structured to support the safe and commercially viable deployment of urban air mobility services. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts a qualitative doctrinal and comparative approach. It analyses relevant principles of tort law, product liability and aviation liability across the USA, the European Union and the United Arab Emirates, with particular focus on harm arising from software malfunction, autonomous or semi-autonomous operations, infrastructure failure and multi-party service delivery models. Findings This study finds that existing liability frameworks are only partially equipped to address eVTOL-related harm. Conventional fault-based rules and existing aviation liability instruments were developed for more traditional forms of carriage and do not adequately reflect distributed operational control, algorithmic decision-making or the fragmented contractual structure of eVTOL markets. This study argues for a tiered liability framework based on functional control, under which manufacturers and software developers would bear strict liability for design and software defects, operators would remain responsible for operational and maintenance failures and infrastructure providers would face presumptive responsibility where vertiport or support system failures materially contribute to damage. Originality/value This study contribu

7月23日周四
  1. arXiv先进空中交通研究历史资料

    Declarative Problem Solving in UAM Strategic Deconfliction

    The growing demand for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) introduces significant challenges in airspace management, particularly within densely populated metropolitan regions. As the number of aerial vehicles-such as drones, air taxis, and helicopters-continues to rise, so does the risk of mid-air collisions and conflicts with existing air traffic and obstacles. Ensuring safe and efficient UAM operations requires robust strategic deconfliction mechanisms. We propose an Answer Set Programming (ASP) based approach for strategic deconfliction, focusing on time synchronization and route optimization for conflict-free flight plans. The solution is benchmarked against Constraint Programming (CP), emphasizing scalability and resource use. Results show that ASP offers faster execution and better scalability for small to medium cases, while CP maintains stable memory but degrades with complexity.（预印本；同行评审状态请核对原文。）

7月21日周二
  1. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Research on the market-oriented investment and financing pathways for China's low-altitude infrastructure construction: with reference to the FAA eVTOL integration pilot program

    China's low-altitude infrastructure construction highly relies on government finance, a commercial closed loop has not yet been formed, and investment and financing difficulties have become increasingly prominent. It is urgent to explore a localized path to transform from "government transfusion" to "market hematopoiesis". By analyzing current situation, difficulties and underlying causes of investment and financing in low-altitude infrastructure, and taking Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) eVTOL Integration Pilot Program (eIPP) as a reference, it analyzes its core logic of relying on operational certainty to activate market-oriented investment, and combines the unique institutional environment to complete localization transformation. The research found that the key to breaking the impasse lies in building an endogenous value cycle system of "scenario-data-capital-infrastructure" and establishing a dual-drive collaborative mechanism with central state-owned enterprises' "patient capital" as the backbone and social capital as the vitality engine.

  2. Crossref eVTOL期刊论文索引历史资料

    Distributed Electronic Control Architecture and Low-Latency Electronic Information Transmission Technology for eVTOL

    The distributed power unit of the electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft should have good real-time control performance and transmission determinism, and the traditional centralised avionics system will be prone to bus delay accumulation and single points of failure. Collaborative Design for a Distributed Electronic Control Architecture and Low-Latency Transmission Technology: Weighted graphs are used to determine the position of nodes in the architecture, multi-agent task decoupling and load-balancing schemes are introduced, a triple-redundancy fault reconfiguration mechanism has been established; at the transmission level, a physical-layer scheme with shortened polar codes and CRC-aided decoding has been developed, and it is combined with Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) scheduling and edge-end collaborative compression; finally, at the integration level, a co-flow conflict resolution model, mode-adaptive bandwidth allocation and clock synchronization jitter suppression strategies have been developed. Based on the above verification results, the total transmission jitter of the proposed scheme will be less than 1% of the control period.

7月20日周一
  1. arXiv先进空中交通研究历史资料

    Diverge-Merge Formation and MAC Control in Structured Airspace

    The rapid scaling of advanced air mobility (AAM) makes corridor-based structured airspace a promising infrastructure for high-density unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) traffic. Formation flight can improve corridor capacity by suppressing shockwave propagation, but rigid formations become inefficient or unsafe during ramp branching, merging, and congestion. To address this problem, this paper proposes a task-driven diverge-merge control framework for UAV formations in structured airspace. At the beginning, a corridor-ramp branching structured airspace model is established to characterize the traffic dynamics and spatial constraints. Building upon this, a fast task-driven clustering mechanism integrates spatial connectivity, flight intent, and aerial task interactions to enable real-time diverge and merge for ramp branching and traffic reshaping. To make the diverge-merge reconfigurations executable at the media access control (MAC) layer of the formation, a cluster-aware distributed time division multiple access (CAD-TDMA) protocol is further designed. It protects intra-cluster control synchronization while conservatively reusing low-risk inter-cluster slots. Simulation results show that the proposed diverge-merge algorithm maintains near-zero geometrical misclassification under severe physical overlapping and congestion. With the formation diverge-merge traces, CAD-TDMA achieves the best delay--loss--throughput tradeoff over fixed TDMA and WiFi MAC. It shows that the proposed formation control framework can jointly support real-time formation reconfiguration and reliable commu（预印本；同行评审状态请核对原文。）