eVTOL未来路径：设计优化视角

The rapid development of advanced urban air mobility, particularly electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, requires interdisciplinary approaches involving the future urban air mobility ecosystem. Operational cost efficiency, regulatory aspects, sustainability, and environmental compatibility should be incorporated directly into the conceptual design of aircraft and across operational and regulatory strategies. In this work, we apply a multidisciplinary design optimization framework for the conceptual design of eVTOL aircraft. The framework optimizes conventional design elements of eVTOL aircraft over a generic mission and integrates operational cost and an energy and battery-based emissions model to capture sustainability incentives of the designed system. We introduce a novel metric, the cross-transportation Figure of Merit (FoM), to compare the optimized eVTOL system with various competing road, rail, and air transportation modes in terms of sustainability, cost, and travel time. The framework incorporates regulatory, technical, and operational constraints to evaluate four distinct stakeholder-centric configurations: profit-maximizing, cost-minimizing, environmental impact-minimizing, and FoM-optimized designs. The results highlight the importance of integrating multiple operational disciplines into the design process, while underscoring the differing priorities of operators, regulators, and society.

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